Mandrin: Did you write this? :)

[bcoak]

Previous planar models of the downswing in golf have suggested that upper limb segments (left shoulder girdle and left arm) move in a consistent fixed plane and that the clubhead also moves only in this plane. This study sought to examine these assumptions. Three-dimensional kinematic analysis of seven right-handed golfers of various abilities (handicap 0 – 15) was used to define a plane (named the left-arm plane) containing the 7th cervical vertebra, left shoulder and left wrist. We found that the angles of this plane to the reference horizontal z axis and target line axis (parallel to the reference x axis) were not consistent. The angle to the horizontal z axis varied from a mean of 1338 (s = 18) at the start of the downswing to 1028 (s = 48) at impact, suggesting a ‘‘steepening’’ of the left-arm plane. The angle of the plane to the target line changed from 798 (s = 168) to 58 (s = 158) during the same period, showing anticlockwise (from above) rotation, although there was large
inter-individual variation. The distance of the clubhead from the left-arm plane was 0.019 m (s = 0.280 m) at the start at the downswing and 0.291 m (s = 0.077 m) at impact, showing that the clubhead did not lie in the same plane as the body segments. We conclude that the left arm and shoulder girdle do not move in a consistent plane throughout the downswing, and that the clubhead does not move in this plane. Previous mo


http://www.arielnet.com/start/apas/studies/colemanandrankin.pdf

 

[mandrin]

bcoak,

Information in article isn’t too exciting. We already knew that things don’t happen on one single plane, except for some one-plane-golfers.

When referring to 2 and 3 pendulum planar modeling as having been erroneous isn't quite correct. These models used a simplified model of reality.

I do agree with the comments that 3D modeling is required and being quite complicated do. I have done some and it is surprisingly tricky stuff to handle.