Trackman calculations and measurements

[lia41985]

Mandrin wrote the following regarding D-plane (Trackman) calculations:

Exact calculations regarding what happens during impact are difficult because of the large physical deformation of the ball, the varying friction force due to sliding, sliding/rotation and rotation of ball on clubface surface, all happening during the tiny 0.0004 sec interval. Best one can do is a first approximation as done by Prof Jorgensen in ‘The Physics of Golf’.

From: http://www.brianmanzella.com/golfin...in-question-about-cut-angle-2.html#post133828

Also, given the variability of shafts, how does this impact Trackman's ability in calculating dynamic loft?

Regarding Trackman measurements, how (i.e. from what point to what point) does Trackman measure:
1.) angle of attack?
2.) (vertical) swing plane?
3.) swing direction?