I think you essentially need to be able to measure your skills in these areas vs. whatever level of play you realisticially hope to achieve.
- Driving
- Putting
- Long iron/hybrid game
- Short game around the green
Obviously, there are other factors, but these 4 factors, from a truly statistical standpoint are the 4 biggest factors of the bunch that impact the score the most. If you can be a better wedge player, that will help your score, but not nearly as much as if you become a better long iron/hybrid player. The stats are there to back it up. And we can come close to measuring them pretty accurately.
The things that cannot be measured like mental game, course management, confidence, etc. are important as well. We just cannot measure them. But, if you are an 8 handicap looking to become scratch, try to gauge yourself against those scratch golfers in those 4 areas. Then you start to get an idea of what you need to work on how much it has to improve.
As far as tournaments go, I think golfers..myself included...adapt too conservative of a strategy in general and try to 'hedge their bets' on shots. It's difficult not to do. To make matters worse, they are aggressive it's usually at the wrong time.
In general, I think golfers in tournaments too often try to play for their misses instead of playing for their average swing. The problem with playing for your misses is that even if you hit it well...you are moving yourself further away from the hole. Now, sometimes being further away from the hole will lead to a better score depending on the hole and the position. But, *over time* moving yourself further away will make your score higher. That's why I'm not a fan of conservative play...statistically it just doesn't equate to lower scores *over time*.
But what I often see is a golfer will get aggressive on a tree-lined dog leg and try to hug the corner to pick up 20 yards on a long par-4 and wind up in the woods or O.B. when they could've aimed down the other side which is wide open, hit a long iron close to the green and came away with a par or at worst a bogey. Then on a par-5 when they can possibly reach the green with a 3-wood on their 2nd shot...they lay up so they have a 'full swing in.'
You really have to play the odds, understand things like not short sideing yourself and how important leaving yourself with an uphill putt can be and mostly....play for the results of a shot when you take a very average swing at the ball (no more, no less).
3JACK