The Facts and the Fiction—as they stand.
In the book The Golfing Machine, by Homer Kelley, Mr. Kelley hypothesized about the manipulation of the Hands through the Impact Interval.
The Impact Interval is the time from when the clubhead IMPACTs the ball, to the time when the ball SEPARATEs from the club. This takes place over a space of between about a half-inch and three-quarters of an inch. The Stopwatch time is in the 1000ths of a second.
He termed this HAND MANIPULATION "Hinge Action," because the motions the clubface made during this POSED MANIPULATION could be described by the action of a Hinge Arrangement.
Vertical Hinge Action was what would occur if the HINGE was mounted horizontally to the ground. Like an attic door. Kelley said that the clubface would remain in the same alignment to the target during the impact interval of Vertical Hinge Action.
Horizontal Hinge Action was what would occur if the HINGE was mounted vertically to the ground. Like an regular door. Kelley said that the clubface would remain vertical to the ground—like the door does—during the impact interval of Horizontal Hinge Action, and would close relative to the target during this period.
Angled Hinge Action was what would occur if the HINGE was mounted perpendicular to the plane the sweetspot is moving on during the impact interval. Like an hatch door mounted on a sloped roof. Kelley said that the clubface would remain in perpendicular to the plane during the impact interval of Angled Hinge Action, and would close during this period, but less than it would—by definition—with Horizontal Hinge Action.
Mr. Kelley not any have any high-speed pictures, video, or any proof whatsoever that any of this could and did occur during real full speed golf swings.
Since the advent of 6° 3D machines, like the AME and the MATT System, it has been shown that NO ONE CAN, OR DOES anything that approaches Horizontal Hinge Action near, through, or past impact.
Dr. Aaron Zick, a PHD in Physics, did a study for a presentation that he gave at a Summit held by The Golfing Machine, LLC.
He showed how the actual differences between MEASURED Horizontal Hinge Action and Angled Hinge Action at impact and separation would be insignificant—less than a quarter of a degree—even if they could be produced at high speeds during a golf swing.
When I asked Dr. Paul Wood how much the clubface closes during the impact interval, with real and machine golf swings, the "less than a quarter of a degree" number was mentioned again.
The real question here is this:
Why are we still discussing the differences in Hinge Action during the impact interval?