This from a personal trainer:
I wish I was bright enough to lend some meaningful insight to this conversation. Here is my (hopefully not pathetic) attempt, for whatever it's worth:
a. Every great ball striker I have ever known or seen has one thing in common: they wear out the sweet spot on their irons. They hit it RIGHT in the middle of the clubface almost every time. That has to be really important.
b. Great athletes have a natural instinct for how to time their release perfectly. By this I mean they maximize angular velocity right at impact. Since moving to Baltimore I have, at various times, played golf with former Orioles Larry Sheets, Joe Orsulak, and BJ Surhoff. Every one of them KILLS it. Orsulak easily outdrove my driver with his 3-iron, although he had no idea where it was going. Sheets used to hit these "stingers" off the tee that would go 320-330 at a height of no more than 5 feet off the ground. Other pro athletes I have played with, such as former QB Mark Rypien, also KILLED it off the tee. Regardless of how pretty or not pretty their swings are, their timing is unreal.
c. I believe that "A" is crucial, but only part of the equation. I believe that "D" (deceleration) is also crucial. The most powerful athletes are the ones that are the best at "slamming on the breaks," which in golf leads to incredible transfer of energy. Alwyn Cosgrove, who trains many MMA fighters and other explosive athletes, says:
"The speed of a kick or punch is determined largely by the ability of the antagonist to eccentrically decelerate the joint action... If your body cannot safely and effectively break the motion, then it will not allow you to achieve full acceleration. If you are not training the antagonists eccentrically, you are not training deceleration. And if you are not training deceleration, you cannot be training acceleration."